Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
cjpl

Articles

CJPLS: VOL. 12, NO. 1, JUNE 2024

Pathogenic bacteria diversities in Clarias gariepinus and their seasonal variation among commercial fish farms in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

Submitted
May 24, 2024
Published
2024-08-16

Abstract

This study investigated the pathogenic bacteria diversity in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), their seasonal variations, and public health significance. 135 samples were collected from the skin, gill and guts of 45 adult catfish from three major fish farms in Ota. Microbiological analysis was conducted on them during rainy, harmattan and dry seasons between April 2019 and February 2020 to determine the bacterial load and identify various pathogenic bacteria. Data collected were analyzed using Analysis of Variance. High bacteria diversity was observed across the three seasons and study areas. The total aerobic count of the gut at Royal Fish Farm (1.24×107±0.06c) was significantly higher (P˂0.05) than that from the gill (7.88×106±1.22b), while at the gill, it was also higher than found in the skin (6.08×105±0.18a) during the rainy season. The same trend was observed during harmattan season (1.93×107± 0.28c, 1.45x106 ±0.06b, 8.44x105 ± 0.92a) and dry season (2.14x108 ± 0.03c, 1.56x107 ± 0.07b, 1. 45 x106 ± 0.03a). A similar trend was also observed at Farm 360 and Oluwadare Farm. Given the high contamination of bacteria pathogens recorded in this study, which exceeded the recommended limit of ˂5.0x105 colony forming unit by the International Commission for Microbiological Specification for Food, these fish can pose a high risk to human health if consumed. Given this, It is hereby recommended that the government should strictly enforce the environmental protection law to prevent indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents and to keep the water body safe for aquatic lives and agricultural use.

 

References

  1. FAO. The state of World fisheries and Aquaculture. 2012.
  2. Rome. 209 Pp. www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2727e00.htm
  3. FAO. The state of World fisheries and Aquaculture 2014.
  4. Rome. 223 Pp. www.fao.org/3/a- i3720e.pdf
  5. W.A. Olaniyi and O.G Omitogun. Induction of Tripoloidy
  6. and Erythrocyte cell size analysis of Tripoloid African
  7. Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Buchell 1822). Anima
  8. research International. 2014, 11 (3). 2079-2086
  9. B. Thompson and L. Amoroso. Improving diets and
  10. nutrition: Food-based approach, FAO, 2014.
  11. FAO. The State of the world Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018
  12. – Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome Pp. 227
  13. World fish Centre. www.fishcentre/nigeria.org. 2015.
  14. A. Ava, M. Faridullah, U.J. Lithi and V.C. Roy (2020).
  15. Incidence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in fish farms
  16. and markets in Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Sci.
  17. Ind. Res. 55(1), 65-72, 2020. www.banglajol.info
  18. S.O. Yaqoub. Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae and
  19. Pseudomonas sp from raw fish solin fish Market in
  20. Khartoum state. Journal of Bacteriology Research, 2009, 1
  21. (7): 85-88. 149.
  22. B.O Emukpe, T. Adebisi and O.B Adedeji. Bacteria load on
  23. skin and Stomach of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis
  24. niloticus from Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Journal of
  25. Applied Science Research, 2011, 7(7): 1047-1051.
  26. T.B.C. Adebayo, N.N. Odu, L.M. Anyamele, N.J.P.N
  27. Igwilo, I.O Okonko. Microbial quality of frozen fish sold
  28. in Uyo Metropolis. Nature and science, 2012, 10(3): 71 –
  29. E.P Danba, A.H Bichi, S. Ishaku, M.K. Ahmad, U. Buba,
  30. M.S Bingari, B.W. Barau and UF. Fidelis. Occurrence of
  31. pathogenic bacteria associated with Clarias gariepinus in
  32. selected fish farms of kumbostso Local Governement
  33. Area of Kanostate, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and
  34. Applied Sciences, 2014, 7(2): 145 – 149. ISSN
  35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas v7i2.25
  36. E.H. Hardi, A.N. Rudy, S. Gina, S. Ria, A. Maulina, M.
  37. Mira. Identification of potentially pathogenic bacteria
  38. from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and channel catfish
  39. (Clarias batrachus) culture in Samarinda, East
  40. Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiveritas, 2018, Vol. 19,
  41. No 2. Pg. 480-488. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190215. ISSN:
  42. -033X
  43. N. Kar and K. Ghosh. Enzyme producing bacteria in the
  44. gastrointestinal tracts of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and
  45. Channa punctata (block). Turkish Journal of Fish and
  46. Aquatic Science, 2008, 8:115-120
  47. C.O. Adetunji, O.O. OlaniyI and A.T Ogunkunle.
  48. Bacterial activity of crude extracts of Vernonia
  49. amygdalina on clinical isolates. Journal of Microbiology
  50. and Antimicrobials,2013, 5 (6), 60-64.
  51. M.O. Fawole and B.A Oso. Chracterization of Bacteria.
  52. Laboratory Manual of Microbiology 4th Edition, Spectrum
  53. Book Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria. 2004, Pg. 24-33.
  54. B. Alfred, H. Smith. Benson's Microbiological
  55. Applications: Laboratory Manual in General
  56. Microbiology (Thirteenth ed.). McGraw-Hill
  57. Education, 2012, ISBN 9780073402413
  58. M. Bonnet, J.C. Lagier, D. Raoult, S. Khelaifia. Bacterial
  59. culture through selective and non-selective conditions: the
  60. evolution of culture media in clinical microbiology.” New
  61. Microbes and New Infections3100622.
  62. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100622. ISSN 20522975. PMC
  63. PMID 31956419.
  64. A. Ben-David and C.E. Davidson C.E. Estimation
  65. method for serial dilution experiments.
  66. Journal of Microbiological Methods. Volume 107, 2014,
  67. Pages 214-221.
  68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2014.08.023.
  69. Get rights and content
  70. J.A Olugbojo. In-Vitro Utilization of Nanoparticles as
  71. antibacterial agents against bacterial pathogens isolated
  72. from Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822).
  73. Unpublished Ph.D. Theses. 2023, Federal University of
  74. Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Pages 63,
  75. , 101, 104, 107, 109, 111, 113, 116, 117, and 119
  76. J.A Olugbojo and S.O. Comparative studies of bacteria
  77. load in fish species of commercial importance at the
  78. aquaculture unit and lagoon front of the University of
  79. Lagos. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture,
  80. , 7(4), 36–46
  81. APHA (American Public Health Association). Standard
  82. Method for Examination of Water and Waste Water,
  83. American Water Works Association, Water Environment
  84. Federation, 1999, 9020B
  85. D.H Bergey and J.G Holt. Bergey’s Manual of
  86. Determinative Bacteriology 9th Edition. Philadephia:
  87. Lippincot Williams and wilkins, 2000, 787.
  88. P.O Olutiola, O. Famurewa and H.G Sentag. An
  89. introduction to general Microbiology; a practical approach.
  90. nd Edition, Bolabey Publication, Ikeja, Nigeria, 2000, Pp
  91. -50.
  92. E.B. Alfre. Benson’s Microbiological application:
  93. Laboratory Manual in general Microbiology (10th Ed.),
  94. New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2007. 455Pp.
  95. M. Cheesbrough. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical
  96. Countries, part 2, Second edition update, 2010, p187-195.
  97. C.E. Boyd and C.S Tucker. Pond Aquaculture water
  98. quality management. Springer New York, NY., 2012, Pg.
  99. -600. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5407-3
  100. A. Bhatnagar, and P. Devi. Water quality guidelines for
  101. the management of pond fish culture. International
  102. Journal of Environment Sciences, 2019, Vol. 5 No. 2.
  103. doi: 10.6088/ijes.013030600019
  104. G. Alison, K.Y Eric, F. Pierre, B. Cécile, Q. Catherine,
  105. H. Jean-François ,K.C. Julien, T. Marc, Benjamin M and
  106. Sébastien D Fish gut-associated bacterial community in
  107. tropical lagoon (Aghien lagoon, Ivory coast), 2022,
  108. Frontiers in Microbiology.
  109. Doi.10.3389/fmicb.2022.963456. frontiersin.org
  110. S. Egerton, S. Culloty, J. Whooley, C. Stanton and R.P R.
  111. The gut microbiota of marine fish. Front. Microbiol. 2018,
  112. :873. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00873
  113. A.A Akinyemi, and O.O. Buoro, OO. Occurence of
  114. bacteria in gills, skill and buccal cavity of Lutjanus
  115. agennes, Pseudotolithus elongatus and Sphyraena
  116. barracuda from Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Journal of
  117. fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2011 6(5):555-662. ISSN
  118. 4927/DOI:10.3923
  119. I.O Taiwo, A.A. Akinyemi, and J.A Olugbojo.
  120. Bacteriological load in Sarotherodon galilaeus in Ilo-
  121. Idimu River, Ota, Nigeria. International Journal of
  122. Applied Agricultural Research ISSN 0973-2683, 2013,
  123. Volume 8, Number 1 (2013) pp. 61-71.Research India
  124. Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijaar.htm
  125. ICMSF. International Commission for Microbiological
  126. Specification for Food Microorganisms in foods. 2.
  127. Sampling for Microbiological analysis: Principles and
  128. Specific applications 2nd Ed University of Toronto press
  129. Buffalo, NY. 2007, Available online at:
  130. seafooducdavis.Edu/organize/ICMSF.Htm
  131. L. Tower. Water quality Monitoring and Management for
  132. catfish pond. The fish Site, 7/8, Liberty St, Cork, T12
  133. T85H, Ireland, 2014, CRO 707192
  134. O.A. Olopade and O.T Okulola. Water quality
  135. characteristic of Oyan Lake, Ogun state, Nigeria. World
  136. Applied Sciences Journal, 2008, 5(6) 663-669.
  137. R. Stickney. Principles of Warm-water Aquaculture,
  138. published by John Wiley and sons Incorporated, New
  139. York, 2007, 78-025642, SH135.xiii + 375P
  140. P.U Uzukwu, T.G. Leton and N.A Jamabo. Seasonal
  141. Variations in Some Physico-Chemical Parameters of the
  142. Upper Reach of the New Calaber River. International
  143. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2014, 3(1): 8-
  144. ISSN: 2049-8411; e-ISSN: 2049-842X
  145. Maxwell Scientific Organization.
  146. H.H Ali (2014). Isolation and identification of
  147. Staphylococcus bacteria from fish of fresh
  148. water and its antibiotics sensitivity in Mosul city. Basrah
  149. Journal of Veterinary Research., 2014, 13(1), 33-42.
  150. K. Vincze, V. Scheil, B. Kuch H.R Köhler and R.
  151. Triebskorn. Impact of wastewater on fish health: a case
  152. study at the Neckar River (Southern Germany) using
  153. biomarkers in caged brown trout as assessment tools.
  154. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2015, 22:11822–11839 DOI
  155. 1007/s11356-015-4398-6
  156. O.A Ogunfowokan, E.K Okoh, A.A. Adenuga and
  157. O.I.Asubiojo O. I. An Assessment of the impact of point
  158. source pollution from a university sewage treatment
  159. oxidation pond on a receiving stream- A preliminary
  160. study. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2005, 5: 36-43.
  161. 3923/jas.2005.36.43.
  162. https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jas.2005.36.43
  163. O.E Njoku, O.K. Agwa and A.A Ibiene. An investigation
  164. of the Microbiological and Physicochemical profile of
  165. some fish pond water within the Niger Delta region of
  166. Nigerian European Journal of Food Science and
  167. Technology, 2015, Vol.3, No.4, pp.20-31.
  168. www.eajournals.org
  169. S.S Caretto, V. Linsalata, G. Colella, G. Mita G, Lattanzio
  170. V. Carbon fluxes between primary metabolism and
  171. phenolic pathway in plant tissues under stress. Intl J Mol
  172. Sci, 2015, 16 (11): 26378-26394
  173. V. Alerte, A.S. Cortés, T.J. Díaz, Z.J. Vollaire, M.M.
  174. Espinoza, G.V. Solari, and H.M. Torres Foodborne disease
  175. outbreaks around the urban Chilean areas from 2005 to
  176. Revista chilena de infectologia: organo oficial de la
  177. Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia, 2012. 29(1), 26-31.
  178. K.E. Sullam, S.D. Essinger, C.A. Lozupone, M.P.
  179. O’connor, G.I. Rosen, R. knight, S.S. Kilham and J.A.
  180. Russell. Environmental and Ecological factors that shape
  181. the gut bacterial communities of fish: a meta-analysis.
  182. Molecular Ecology, 2012, 21: 3363–3378. doi:
  183. 1111/j.1365-294X.2012. 05552.x
  184. A.S. Schmidt, M. Bruun, S.I. Dalsgard, K. Pedersen and J.
  185. Larsen. Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fish
  186. pathogens and environmental bacteria associated with
  187. Danish rainbow trout farms. Applied Environment
  188. Microbiol, 2000,66: 4915.