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Articles

CJPLS: VOL. 12, NO. 1, JUNE 2024

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Euphorbia kamerunica latex, and the synergistic antimicrobial effects of their functionalization with Co-Amoxiclav

Submitted
May 21, 2024
Published
2024-08-24

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health concern, prompting the need for alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. One potential solution is the use of plant-derived antimicrobials. This study investigates the enhancement of these antimicrobials by synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and functionalized AgNPs from the latex of Euphorbia kamerunica, a plant rich in phytochemicals. It evaluates their antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. The main objective was to develop a green synthesis approach that enhances the effectiveness of AgNPs through functionalization with co-amoxiclav, a commonly used antibiotic. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was achieved by mixing Euphorbia kamerunica latex with silver nitrate as the precursor. The formation of AgNPs was monitored visually by the colour change of the reaction mixture and confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR analysis was performed to identify the functional groups responsible for reducing and stabilizing the nanoparticles. The AgNPs were then functionalized with co-amoxiclav, and their morphology was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The results indicated successful biosynthesis of AgNPs, confirmed by a characteristic SPR peak at 428 nm and FTIR spectra showing the presence of phytochemicals. SEM analysis revealed nanoparticle sizes ranging from 50 to 500 nm with some agglomeration. Functionalized AgNPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity, particularly against Salmonella subspecie3b and Staphylococcus aureus, compared to non-functionalized AgNPs and latex alone. The study highlights the remarkable potential of Euphorbia kamerunica latex as a sustainable, eco-friendly resource for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Furthermore, the functionalization of these AgNPs with co-amoxiclav significantly enhances their antimicrobial efficacy, demonstrating superior performance against resistant bacterial strains. This innovative approach showcases the synergy between phytochemicals and antibiotics and positions these functionalized nanoparticles as promising candidates for advanced biomedical applications, particularly in combating antibiotic-resistant infections.

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