In Sub-Sahara Africa, research and development are occasionally characterized by
mediocrity; and often the results are underutilized. The paper examined the challenges of research and sustainable development in Sub-Sahara Africa given the frantic needs for sustainable growth and development of the communities. Nigeria is used as a case study. A survey method was applied to collect data and information from a defined population in Nigeria. Tables of percentile, Likert Scales and in-depth analysis were used for analyses and presentation. Data and information for research and development are scarce and or not easily come by; the environments are not conducive; there are evidence of mediocrity in the results of research and thus underutilized, and or not used; honesty and objectivity of research are questionable; supports for research and development are limited; and educating and developing scholars are expensive. Leadership challenges are obvious. The paper indorses due recognitions to results of robust and objective research and development; massive supports of governments, corporate organizations, philanthropists, and others; and establishment of additional well-equipped research institutions/departments. It is of necessity to ensure visionary, creative, and transparent leaders to lead and bank results of research and development.