Since it acceded to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, Nigeria has sought to integrate more deeply into the multilateral trading system as part of its broader foreign economic policy. The WTO, which succeeded the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade (GATT), provides a framework for trade liberalization, dispute settlement, and cooperation among member states. Nigeria’s participation reflects both the opportunities of global market access and the persistent challenges of structural economic dependence. This study examines Nigeria’s WTO membership since 1995, with particular focus on its engagement in multilateral negotiations, trade in oil and non-oil products, and the broader economic implications of membership. Drawing on secondary sources, policy documents, and existing literature, the paper highlights the limited gains achieved and notes that weak institutional capacity, inconsistent trade policy, and overreliance on primary commodities have constrained Nigeria’s performance. It argues that without significant reforms in negotiation capacity and domestic economic policy, WTO membership will continue to yield modest results. The study concludes by recommending diversification, policy coherence, and strategic engagement as essential steps for Nigeria to maximize its position within the global trading system.