Nigeria’s democracy has been plagued by pervasive poverty and debilitating security challenges, which have undermined the country’s socio-economic development and stability. This study examines the intricate relationships between poverty, insecurity, and democracy in Nigeria, highlighting the ways in which poverty has fueled insecurity and compromised democratic governance. The study is based on qualitative research approach, utilizing secondary sources of data which includes journals, official reports, as well as relevant textbooks. The study utilized qualitative content method of data interpretation and analysis. Relative Deprivation Theory was adopted as a framework of analysis. The study found that the prevailing unpleasant socio-material conditions pertaining to survival, economic deprivation, structural inequities, and governance deficits in the country led to Boko Haram terrorism, Fulani herdsmen attacks, sectarian violence, political/electoral violence, ethnic, communal and religious conflicts, Niger-Delta crisis, kidnapping and armed robbery. These anomalies are hindrances to active economic activities and democratic processes. The study concludes that addressing poverty and insecurity is critical to consolidating democracy and achieving sustainable development in Nigeria. The study recommends the reduction in poverty through the provision of employment opportunities and the provision of basic infrastructure and services that are efficient, improving on synergy between security organizations, there should be greater investment in human development, increase recurrent and especially capital expenditures on internal security, workable anti-terrorism measures, build strong and legitimate institutions that can safely curb the menace of insecurity, there should be good governance by been transparent and accountable to the people, and genuine fight against corruption among others.