The vulnerability of energy infrastructure to climate change in East Africa presents significant challenges and risks that require urgent attention. With the region heavily reliant on hydropower, the impacts of climate variability, such as fluctuating precipitation patterns
and extreme weather events, pose a threat to electricity generation and energy security. The 2016 El Niño event in Uganda serves as a poignant example, highlighting how reduced water levels in Lake Victoria led to decreased output from major hydropower plants like
the Owen Falls Dam. Effective policy and regulatory frameworks play a crucial role in enhancing the resilience of energy infrastructure by incentivizing investments in climateresilient technologies, promoting energy efficiency measures, and integrating climate risk
assessments into infrastructure planning and operation. International agreements like the Paris Agreement provide a framework for collaboration and coordination among East African countries to address climate change impacts on energy infrastructure and mitigate associated risks. Urgent action is needed to build adaptive capacity and ensure the sustainable development of energy systems in East Africa amidst a changing climate.