Environmental and social impacts (ESI) are major concerns of the government and decision makers to ensure the safety of people and environment. Employing ESI Assessment (ESIA) tool in evaluating possible impacts of a project solidifies its implementation. It is against this background that this study aimed at examining the environmental and social impacts of Ota-Idiroko proposed road rehabilitation on the residents and their environment before, during and after the rehabilitation with a view of suggesting measures to mitigate the negative impacts. Methodologically, the study was restricted to a radius of 0.5km off Ota-Idiroko road at the five selected zones comprises of 2,963 households which represent the total population size and 340 as sample size, by using Yamane’s table calibration. Data on socio-economic, environment and transport characteristics were collected through the use of well-structured questionnaires which were administered among the 340 categorised respondents that were sampled using a purposive sampling technique. Descriptive, cross tabulation and checklist analytical tools were employed to analyse the retrieved data. Impact Mean Value (IMV) of project impacts was measured using 24 variables before the survey analysis on a 5-point Likert scale at pre-construction, construction and post-construction phases. Findings revealed that out of the 24 listed impacts, 19 were considered negatives (need to be mitigated), while only 5 were considered less significant. The ANOVA generated result shows that with f=1.66833 and P= 0.19608, there are statistically significant effect of the impacts on the environment and residents’ social wellbeing. The study recommends strong government commitment to ESIA of road development, more robust stakeholders' engagement for the formulation of strategies and measures to address the adverse impacts of road development.