An overview of thermodynamic energy and exergy analysis is provided in this work with the goal of developing, constructing, and improving a cascade cooling apparatus for extremely low-temperature managing goods and gas-efficient building operations. A review of the classes of cascade systems was carried out, stating the benefits and setbacks. Every part of the refrigeration mechanism cascades was identified, explained, and designed theoretically. Energy and exergy techniques were used to analyze every component of the system separately, model it, and evaluate it to minimize energy destruction. Necessary equations for calculating energy and exergy destructions were outlined to ensure effective modeling and optimization of the system processes. Process losses were identified, determined, and reduced using the application of exergy analysis. There was an improvement in comprehension of the process's deceptive efficiency and energetic effectiveness. The result aids in detecting the locations of energy degradation and mapping out the system's optimal performance. By lowering operational and process design costs and resolving energy- associated environmental issues, the analysis eventually contributed to sustainable growth. This offers a rationale for enhancing an exceptionally low-temperature freezer's functionality for the handling of susceptible-to-heat vaccines. The effective modeling and building of cascade refrigeration systems for zero energy destruction and high efficiency are made possible.