Covenant Journal of Business and Social Sciences https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjbss <p><span>The Covenant Journal of Business and Social Sciences (CJBSS) is a publication of the College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria. CJBSS is a refereed journal, published twice a year, and covers the various desciplines in development studies. Contributions from allied discipline that address business and social issues are also welcome.</span></p> Covenant University en-US Covenant Journal of Business and Social Sciences 2006-0300 <p>Authors of the articles published retain the copyright of their articles and are free to reproduce and disseminate their work. For further details see the Covenant Journals Copyright and license agreement.</p> Analysis of the relationship between Green Packaging, Consumer Attitude and Consumer Buying Behaviour https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjbss/article/view/4904 <p>Consumer attitude to purchasing green packaged products usually varies from one country to the other, despite the importance of green packaging. In order to further situate the role of green packaging in consumer buying behaviour in this era of sustainable development, this study investigates the linkage <br />between green packaging, consumer attitude and consumer buying behaviour in developing countries, using Nigeria as a case in point. Survey research design was adopted with the aid of a structured questionnaire to collect data, out of which 360 valid responses were analysed using Jamovi Advanced Mediation Models (JAMM). Results revealed that the estimate of the independent variables i.e., environmental concern, ecolabelling and packaging material are -0.442, 0.789, and 0.275 respectively. <br />The prediction model shows that ecolabelling, environmental concern and packaging material influence consumer buying behaviour, having their p values to be &lt;0.001 and their t values greater than 1.96. While ecolabelling and packaging material have positive significant relationship, environmental concern has a negative significant relationship. This implies that environmental concern has no significant effect on consumer buying behaviour, although consumers take note of the packaging material and labels on the products in making their buying decisions. This study concludes that, although consumers currently lack environmental awareness, manufacturing firms should consider the impact of their activities on the environment, and prevent deliberate harm to the ecosystem. Firms can further improve on their packaging materials by making using of biodegradable packaging materials with ecolabels as it causes less harm to the environment and mitigates the consequences of environmental degradation.</p> Oluwaseun OLUWASANMI AJAYI Oluseyi Ph.D OJENIKE Tobiloba Copyright (c) 2025 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 28 28 Re-evaluating the Impact of Product Quality Consistency on Customer Satisfaction: Insights from Coca-Cola, Nigeria https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjbss/article/view/4905 <p>The effect of product quality consistency on customer satisfaction at Coca-Cola Nigeria, which focuses on its Lagos State operations, was investigated in this study. In a highly competitive market, customer satisfaction is influenced by various factors, including product quality, pricing, and brand image. Despite Coca-Cola's established reputation, understanding the direct impact of product quality consistency on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the Nigerian context still needs to be explored. This study addresses this gap by examining how product quality consistency shapes customer experiences and satisfaction. The research employed a descriptive approach, utilising a survey of 271 Coca-Cola consumers in Lagos State. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling to assess the relationship between product quality consistency and customer satisfaction across three key dimensions: perceived quality, accessibility, and <br />feedback. The results indicate strong positive relationships, with path coefficients of 0.399 (p &lt; 0.000) for accessibility, 0.394 (p &lt; 0.000) for feedback, and 0.331 (p &lt; 0.000) for perceived quality. These findings underscore the importance of consistent product quality in enhancing customer satisfaction. The study <br />recommends that Coca-Cola Nigeria prioritise maintaining high standards of product quality while also considering other factors, such as pricing and brand image, to boost customer loyalty. Limitations include the focus on Lagos State, and future research could explore similar relationships in other regions of Nigeria. This study contributes to the existing literature on quality consistency and customer satisfaction, providing actionable insights for companies seeking to improve their competitive edge through customer-centric strategies.</p> Daniel E. UFUA Omoniyi S. BABALOLA Hezekiah O. FALOLA Konjit Hailu GUDETA Copyright (c) 2025 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 16 16 Understanding Religious Addiction: A Factor-Analytic Approach and Its Implication https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjbss/article/view/4906 <p>This study examines the Religious Addiction Scale (RAS) among Nasarawa State University students, looking at its factor structure, reliability, and demographic determinants. Data were gathered from 476 students who were chosen by convenience sampling using a cross-sectional survey approach. The age categories of 16–18 years old (30.5%) and 19–21 years old (33.4%) were the most represented in the sample, which had 46% female participants and 65.8% single participants. Christians (62.6%) and Muslims (22.9%) made up the majority of the sample. For data analysis, the study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The RAS was found to have three factors: compulsive fanaticism (element 1), maladaptive sacrifice for faith (Factor 2), and emotional dependency (Factor 3). Cronbach's alpha for each element was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.861 overall; 0.852 for Factor 1, 0.73 for Factor 2, and 0.74 for Factor 3). Significant gender differences were observed, with married students exhibiting greater propensities for Maladaptive Sacrifice for Faith and female students scoring <br />higher on Compulsive Fanaticism (mean = 19.68, SD = 7.33) than male students (mean = 17.80, SD = 6.79). There were no discernible variations in terms of age or religious affiliation. According to the study's findings, the RAS is a valid tool for assessing religious addiction and determining key elements that distinguish different student addiction degrees. In order to ensure holistic well-being, the findings suggest that religious addiction presents differently across demographic groups. This emphasizes the need for customized intervention strategies that address the particular vulnerabilities of female and married students. Such strategies should focus on the specific risks associated with gender and marital status, especially for female students and married individuals. Recommendations include the establishment of counseling services within educational institutions for managing religious addiction and promoting religious tolerance.</p> AKAWU Monday UZOIGWE L. Tobechi Copyright (c) 2025 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 18 18 Economic Effects of Coronavirus Lockdown on the Nigerian Economy and Nigerians https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjbss/article/view/4918 <p>The economy of Nigeria experienced recession as a result of lack of economic activities due to the coronavirus outbreak resulting in complete lockdown. Economic hardship, extreme poverty and hunger became the outcome of the lockdown; it is against the above mentioned backdrops that this study aimed at describing the economic effects of the coronavirus lockdown on the economy of Nigeria and Nigerians. A cross-sectional one-time survey was carried out on purposively selected heads of households form the six geopolitical zones of the country, with the use of structured questionnaire, with close ended questions and in-depth interviews to probe deeply into the subject of the investigation on purposively selected owner of businesses, heads of households, public and civil servants and workers in corporate organisations..Data gathered with questionnaire was anlysed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages while reports of the in-depth interviews were written based on the themes that were developed. &nbsp;The findings of the study revealed that the outbreak of coronavirus saw Nigeria economy plummeting due to the fall in price of crude oil in the International Market which led to loss of revenue for the government, thereby affecting government’s capacity to provide basic infrastructural facilities and social security services for its citizens. Many Nigerians in formal and informal sectors lost their jobs and there was increased level of poverty in the country. It was recommended that the government should encourage the manufacturing industry through the provision of infrastructural facilities in order to achieve industrialization, encourage digitalization, extend the social security register of the country to include many poor and vulnerable Nigerians and fight corruption.</p> OKOEBOR Rita Copyright (c) 2025 2024-12-31 2024-12-31 19 19