The Nigerian health care system has recorded unimaginable incident of medical errors. This is partly attributable to difficulty in accessing responsive health facilities by many Nigerians. When accessed, patients receive compromised health care from ill-equipped health facilities, thus, exposing patients to suffer medical errors. The study utilized the political economy approach in its theoretical and analytical thrust. Using a qualitative approach, this study sought to determine profiles of the victims, types, factors responsible for medical errors suffered by victims in Osun State. The findings revealed that medical errors manifest in various ways. These include diagnostic, medication, surgical, procedural and injection errors, among others. The study revealed that low socio-economic status of patients forced them to patronize incompetent health practitioners and ill-equipped hospital facilities and subsequently exposed them to suffer medical errors. Aligning its recommendations to the Political Economy of Medical Errors in Nigeria, this study recommended that the public healthcare system in Nigeria should be rejuvenated in order to address the challenges posed by medical errors in the country. In addition, victims of medical errors or their relatives should be encouraged to report erring healthcare providers to appropriate authorities.